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The Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) collectively designates three Pakistani Non-governmental organisations working together, having emerged from a socially innovative project carried out in 1980s in the squatter areas of Orangi Town, Karachi, Pakistan. It was initiated by Akhtar Hameed Khan, and involved the local residents solving their own sanitation problems. Innovative methods were used to provide adequate low cost sanitation, health, housing and microfinance facilities. Currently OPP designates three organisations, borne out of the original OPP in 1989 : OPP-RTI (Research and Training Institute), OPP-OCT (Orangi Charitable Trust, involved in microfinance) and OPP-KHASDA (Karachi Health and Social Development Association, involved in health activities). A fourth organisation, OPP-RDT (Rural Development Trust) was merged with OPP-RTI in 2012. The project also comprised a number of programs, including a people's financed and managed Low-Cost Sanitation Program; a Housing Program; a Basic Health and Family Planning Program; a Program of Supervised Credit for Small Family Enterprise Units; an education Program; and a Rural development Program in the nearby villages.〔1996, Orangi Pilot Project: Reflection and Reminiscences. The Oxford University Press: Karachi.〕 Today, the project encompasses much more than the neighbourhood level problems. The research and development programmes under the institutions developed by the project now covers wider issues related to the areas all over Karachi. Its director until 2013 was Perween Rahman, who was murdered on 13 March 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pakistan mourns murdered aid worker Parveen Rehman )〕 == The success == Orangi was a squatter community, and did not qualify for government aid due to their "unofficial" status.〔1999, Arif Hasan, Akhtar Hameed Khan and the Orangi Pilot Project. City Press: Karachi〕 With endogenous research, the community was able to make an affordable sanitation system for the treatment of sewage, which helped to reduce the spread of disease. The system was created and paid for by the local community, who would not have had access to a sewer system otherwise.〔1997, Akhter Hameed Khan, The sanitation gap: Development's deadly menace. The Progress of Nations. UNICEF〕 The programme proved so successful that it was adopted by the communities across developing countries.〔2000, In commemoration of The Life and Times of Akhter Hameed Khan: Talks of Akhter Hameed Khan at the National Rural Support Programme, Islamabad, NRSP〕 After the success of the initial phase, the program was expanded into four autonomous groups.〔1997, George H. Axinn, Agriculture and Human Values, Vol. 14, No. 2, (June). ISSN 0889-048X〕 # The Orangi Pilot Project Society, to control funding for the other three groups. # The Orangi Research and Training Institute, to manage the programme and provide training for onward dissemination. # Orangi Charitable Trust, to manage microcredit programmes. # Karachi Health and Social Development Association, to manage a health programme. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Orangi Pilot Project」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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